One thread, everything on it
One of those bugs that explains itself in a sentence but takes a diagram to believe: the entire async server ran on a single thread, and every disk read ran on that thread too. A network mount hung, and everything stopped.
The diagram is a before-and-after. Before: replies, health checks, dashboard, disk reads all sharing one thread, so a hung share freezes the lot. After: disk work moves to a thread pool, and the event loop stays free.
The full incident, including the 3 a.m. freeze and the run_in_executor fix, is in The night a mount froze everything.